Mutengo Wakaderera weIndasitiri Yakagadziriswa Simbi Yekuvaka Yekugadzira Imba Yekugadzira Simbi Yakagadzirirwa Span Yekuvaka Simbi Yekuchengetedza Chivako
Simbi yekuvaka inoreva zvinhu zvesimbi zvinoshandiswa pakugadzirazvivakwa zvesimbi, yakagadzirwa nemaumbirwo asina kugadzika uye makemikari kuti ienderane nezvinodiwa zvemapurojekiti einjiniya.
Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemapurojekiti akasiyana, simbi yekuvaka inouya mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemaumbirwo, saizi uye mwero. Dzimwe dzinoumbwa nekuputira kunopisa kana kuputira kunotonhora, nepo dzimwe dzichigadzirwa nekupinza kana kukotama mapurati esimbi akatsetseka. Mhando dzakajairika dzesimbi yekuvaka dzinosanganisiraI-matanda, H-matanda, nzira dzesimbi, makona esimbiuyemapurati esimbi.
Mitemo Yepasi Pose yesimbi Frame Structure
GB 50017 (China):Uyu ndiwo mwero wenyika muChina unotsanangura mitoro yemagadzirirwo, ruzivo rwemaumbirwo, zvinodiwa pakugara kwenguva refu, uye kuchengetedzeka kwezvivakwa zvesimbi.
AISC (US):Senzira inonyanya kushandiswa muNorth America yese, inotarisa zvinodiwa pakuremerwa kwezvinhu, misimboti yekugadzira zvivakwa, uye dhizaini yekubatanidza zvinhu.
BS 5950 (UK):Mutemo uyu wekuBritain unosimbisa nzira yakaringana yekuchengetedzeka, kushanda zvakanaka kwemari, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwechivakwa.
EN 1993 - Eurocode 3 (EU):Inoshanda sechiyero cheEurope chakabatana chekugadzirwa kwesimbi kwakabatana munyika dzese dziri nhengo dzeEU.
| Zvakajairika | Mwero weNyika | Mutemo weAmerica | Mutemo weEurope | |
| Nhanganyaya | Nemitemo yenyika (GB) seyo musimboti, ichiwedzerwa nemitemo yeindasitiri, inosimbisa kutonga kwakazara kwemaitiro ekugadzira, kuvaka uye kugamuchirwa. | Tichitarisa pane zvinodiwa zveASTM uye magadzirirwo eAISC, tinotarisa pakubatanidza zvitupa zvemusika zvakazvimiririra nezvinodiwa neindasitiri. | Nhevedzano yemitemo yeEN (miyero yeEurope) | |
| Mitemo Yepakati | Mitemo yekugadzira | GB 50017-2017 | AISC (AISC 360-16) | EN 1993 |
| Mitemo yezvinhu | GB/T 700-2006、GB/T 1591-2018 | ASTM Internationala | EN 10025 yakatevedzana yakagadzirwa neCEN | |
| Maitiro ekuvaka nekugamuchirwa | GB 50205-2020 | AWS D1.1 | EN 1011 nhevedzano | |
| Mitemo inoenderana neindasitiri | Semuenzaniso, JT/T 722-2023 mumunda wemabhiriji, JGJ 99-2015 mumunda wekuvaka | |||
| Zvitupa Zvinodiwa | hunyanzvi hwekugadzira simbi muinjiniya yekuvaka zvivakwa zvesimbi (giredhi rakakosha, giredhi rekutanga, giredhi rechipiri, giredhi rechitatu) | Chitupa cheAISC | CE Mark, Chitupa cheDIN cheGerman, Chitupa cheUK CARES | |
| Chitupa cheChina Classification Society (CCS), chitupa chekugadzira chimiro chesimbi, uye chitupa chebhizinesi rekugadzira chimiro chesimbi. | Chitupa cheFRA | |||
| Mishumo yekuedza pamusoro pehunhu hwemakanika, mhando yeweld, nezvimwewo zvakapihwa nesangano rekuyedza rechitatu | ASME | |||
Chimiro cheSimbiZvikamu
Zvikamu zviripo zvinotsanangurwa mumitemo yakaburitswa pasi rose, uye zvikamu zvehunyanzvi, zvepachivande zviripowo.
I-matanda(zvikamu zvikuru "I"—muUK, izvi zvinosanganisira matanda epasi rose (UB) uye makoramu epasi rose (UC); muEurope, izvi zvinosanganisira IPE, HE, HL, HD, nezvimwe zvikamu; muUS, izvi zvinosanganisira zvikamu zve flange yakafara (WF kana W-shaped) uye H-shaped)
Z-matanda(mafurati ehafu ekumashure)
HSS(zvikamu zvemaumbirwo zvisina maburi, zvinozivikanwawo seSHS (zvikamu zvemaumbirwo zvisina maburi), zvinosanganisira zvikamu zvesikweya, zverectangular, zvedenderedzwa (tubular), uye zveoval)
Makona(Zvikamu zvakaita seL)
Nzira dzekuvaka, Zvikamu zvakaita seC, kana zvikamu zve "C"
Matanda eT(Zvikamu zvakaita seT)
Mabhawa, ayo akaita rectangular muchikamu chakachinjika asi asina upamhi hwakakwana hwekunzi ndiro.
Tsvimbo, idzo dziri zvikamu zvedenderedzwa kana sikweya zvine hurefu hwakafanana nehupamhi hwazvo.
Ndiro, iyo yakakora simbi yesimbi kupfuura 6 mm kana 1⁄4 inch.
Zvivakwa zvesimbi zvinoshandisa simbi sechinhu chikuru chinotakura mutoro. Zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yakasiyana-siyana nekuda kwezvakanaka zvazvo zvakaita sekusimba kwakasimba, huremu hwakareruka, kuvakwa nekukurumidza, uye kuramba kudengenyeka kwenyika zvakanaka. Mashandisirwo azvo makuru nenzvimbo dzekushandisa zvinosanganisira:
Uinjiniya hwekuvaka
1. Zvivako zveMaindasitiri - Mafekitori: akadai semachina, simbi, uye makemikari
2. Matura: Nzvimbo huru dzekutakura zvinhu nenzvimbo dzekuchengetera zvinhu (dzakadai sematura epamusoro-soro nematura echando);
3. Zvivako zveVanhu - Zvivako Zvirefu: Mafuremu makuru ezvivako zvirefu (zvakadai sezvivako zvine zvivako zvakakura);
Zvivako zveVeruzhinji: Nhandare dzemitambo, dzimba dzekuratidzira, dzimba dzemitambo, nzvimbo dzendege, nezvimwewo.
3. Zvivako zvekugara: Zvivako zvekugara zvakagadzirwa nesimbi
Zvivakwa zveKufambisa
1. Uinjiniya hwemabhiriji - Mabhiriji marefu - Mabhiriji echitima/mugwagwa mukuru
2. Zviteshi zveNjanji neNjanji - Zviteshi zvechitima zvinomhanya zvakanyanya, nzvimbo dzezviteshi zvepasi pevhu - Mota dzechitima dzinofamba
Unyanzvi Hwakakosha uye Midziyo
1. Uinjiniya hweMarine - Mapuratifomu eOffshore: Zvivakwa zvikuru zvemapuratifomu ekuchera mafuta (zvakadai semajaketi nemadheki epuratifomu);
Kuvaka ngarava
2. Michina yekusimudzira nekuvaka - Makireni - Mota dzakakosha
3. Midziyo Mikuru neMatangi - Matangi ekuchengetera zvinhu mumaindasitiri - Mafuremu emidziyo yemakanika
Zvimwe Zviitiko Zvakakosha
1. Zvivako zvenguva pfupi: dzimba dzekubatsira vanhu panjodzi, nzvimbo dzekuratidzira kwenguva pfupi, zvivakwa zvakagadzirwa kare, nezvimwewo.
2. Zvitsigiro zvegirazi zvemashopu makuru
3. Unyanzvi hwesimba: mashongwe emhepo (akagadzirwa nemaplate esimbi ane simba guru) uye mapaneru ezuva.
Maitiro Ekucheka
1. Basa rekugadzirira
Kuongorora uye kusimbisa zvinhu
Kuongorora nekunzwisisa
2. Kusarudzwa kweNzira Dzakakodzera Dzekucheka
Kucheka murazvo:Yakanakira simbi yakakora uye simbi isina alloy yakawanda, inonyanya kushandiswa pakugadzira zvinhu zvisina kusimba.
Kucheka jeti yemvura:Inoshanda nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, kunyanya simbi inonzwa kupisa uye zvikamu zvakanyatsogadzirwa zvine chimiro chakakodzera.
Kugadziriswa Kwekushongedza
Maitiro aya anobatanidza zvikamu zvesimbi panzvimbo yekubatanidza simbi uchishandisa kupisa, kumanikidzwa, kana zvese zviri zviviri (nesimbi yekuzadza painodiwa), zvichigadzira chimiro chakasimba, chakabatana. Senzira huru yekubatanidza mukugadzira simbi, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuvaka, mabhiriji, michina, kuvaka ngarava nedzimwe nzvimbo, uye inosarudza zvakananga simba, kugadzikana uye kuchengetedzeka kwezvivakwa zvesimbi.
Tevedzera madhirowa ekuvaka kana Welding Procedure Qualification Reports (PQR) kuti unyatsotsanangura mhando yeweld, saizi yegroove, saizi yeweld, nzvimbo yewelding uye giredhi remhando.
Kugadzirisa Kubondera
Maitiro aya anoreva maburi ekuboorwa kwesimbi nemakanika kana kuti nemuviri kuti zvienderane nezvinodiwa pakugadzira. Maburi aya anonyanya kushandiswa pakubatanidza zvikamu, kuisa mapaipi uye kubatanidza. Senzira huru pakugadzira simbi, inovimbisa zvakananga kururama kwekubatanidza uye simba rekubatanidza zvikamu zvesimbi.
Zvichienderana nedhirowa redhizaini, simbisai nzvimbo yegomba (zviyero zvekubatanidza), huwandu, dhayamita, mwero chaiwo (semuenzaniso ±1mm kutsungirira kwemaburi akajairwa emabhoti, ±0.5mm kutsungirira kwemaburi ane simba guru) uye mhando yegomba (rakatenderera, rakatetepa, nezvimwewo). Maka nzvimbo dzegomba pamusoro pechikamu nemidziyo yekumaka senge tepi yesimbi, scriber, sikweya uye punch yepakati. Kune maburi ekiyi, shandisa punch yepakati kugadzira nzvimbo dzekuisa kuti uve nechokwadi chekuboorera kwakarurama.
Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekugadzirisa pamusoro dziripochivakwa chesimbi, zvichinyatsovandudza ngura nengura dzadzo, pamwe nekutaridzika zvakanaka kwadzo.
Kugadzira simbimushonga wechinyakare uye unoshandiswa zvakanyanya, uchipa simba rekudzivirira ngura kune zvivakwa zvesimbi.
Kuputira upfuinopa mavara akasiyana-siyana uye inodzivirira mamiriro ekunze zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kune nhengo dzekunze dzine chitarisiko chakakwirira.
Kuputira kwe epoxyinopa dziviriro yepamusoro yengura uye yakagadzirirwa zvakanyanya nharaunda dzakaoma dzakadai senzvimbo dziri kumahombekombe uye dzemaindasitiri.
Kuputira kwakapfuma mu epoxy zincinopa dziviriro yakavimbika yemakemikari emagetsi nekuda kwehuwandu hwayo hwakawanda hwe zinc, yakakodzera kushandiswa zvakanyanya mukudzivirira ngura.
Kupenda kwakajairikainochinjika uye inodhura zvishoma, inokwanisa kugutsa zvinodiwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekushongedza uye zvekudzivirira zvakakosha.
Kuputira mafuta matemainoshanda sesarudzo isingadhuri yezvinodiwa zvekudzivirira ngura kwenguva pfupi zviri nyore.
Chikwata chedu chepamusoro chemainjiniya ekuvaka nenyanzvi dzehunyanzvi vane ruzivo rwakakura mumapurojekiti uye mazano ekugadzira epamusoro, nekunzwisisa kwakadzama kwemakanika ekuvaka simbi uye zviyero zveindasitiri.
Kushandisa software yekugadzira yehunyanzvi yakaita seAutoCADuyeZvivako zveTekla, tinogadzira sisitimu yakazara yekugadzira mifananidzo, kubva kumamodeli e3D kusvika kumapurani einjiniya e2D, zvichiratidza nemazvo zviyero zvezvikamu, marongero ekubatana, uye marongero enzvimbo. Mabasa edu anofukidza hupenyu hwese hwepurojekiti, kubva pakugadzira dhizaini yekutanga kusvika kudhirowa rekuvaka rakadzama, kubva pakugadzirisa majoini akaomarara kusvika pakusimbiswa kwechimiro chose. Isu tinodzora zvakadzama zvinhu nehunyanzvi hwepamusoro-soro, tichiona kuti zvese zviri zviviri zvine hunyanzvi uye zvinogoneka kugadzirwa.
Tinogara tichitarisa vatengi vedu. Kuburikidza nekuenzanisa kwakazara kwezvirongwa uye kutevedzera mashandiro emakanika, tinogadzirisa mhinduro dzekugadzira dzinoshanda nemari shoma dzemamiriro akasiyana-siyana ekushandisa (maindasitiri, zvivakwa zvemabhizinesi, mabhiriji nemigwagwa yemapuranga, nezvimwewo). Tichivimbisa kuchengetedzeka kwezvivakwa, tinoderedza kushandiswa kwezvinhu uye tinorerutsa maitiro ekuvaka. Tinopa masevhisi akazara ekutevera, kubva pakudhirowa kusvika pakutaurirana kwehunyanzvi panzvimbo. Hunyanzvi hwedu hunovimbisa kuitwa kwakanaka kweprojekiti yega yega yekuvaka simbi, zvichitiita kuti tive shamwari yekugadzira yakavimbika, inoshanda pamwe chete.
Nzira yekurongedza simbi inosarudzwa zvichienderana nerudzi rwechinhu, saizi, daro rekutakura, nzvimbo yekuchengetera zvinhu uye zvinodiwa zvekudzivirira. Chinangwa chayo chikuru ndechekudzivirira kushanduka, ngura uye kukuvara panguva yekutakura nekuchengetera zvinhu.
Nzira Dzakajairika Dzekurongedza
Kurongedza Kwakashama
Yakakodzera nhengo dzesimbi hombe nedzinorema, kusanganisira mbiru dzesimbi, matanda nematanda makuru.
Zvinhu Zvakanakira: Hapana zvimwe zvinhu zvekurongedza, zvinobvumira kusimudza nekurodha zvakananga. Zvishandiso zvinofanirwa kunge zvakasungirirwa zvakasimba panguva yekutakura kudzivirira kufamba nekubonderana.
Dziviriro yekuwedzera: Maburi ebhoti, nzvimbo dzeflange nezvimwe zvinobatanidzwa zvinogona kuvharwa nezvivharo zvenguva pfupi kana purasitiki yekudzivirira.
Kurongedza Kwakaunganidzwa
Yakakodzera huwandu hwakawanda hwesimbi dzakajairwa diki nepakati, dzakadai sesimbi yekona, simbi yechiteshi, mapaipi esimbi uye mapurati madiki ekubatanidza.
Cherechedza: Kusunga machira kunofanira kunge kuri pakati nepakati. Machira asina kusimba anogona kukonzera kuti zvikamu zvifambe, nepo kusungwa zvakanyanya kuchizokonzera kuchinja.
Bhokisi reMatanda / Furemu reMatanda Kurongedza
Yakakodzera zvikamu zvidiki zvesimbi zvakanyatsonaka, zvikamu zvisina kusimba (mabhaudhi, nzungu, nezvimwewo) uye zvikamu zvesimbi zvekutakura kure kana kutumira kunze kwenyika.
Zvakanakira: Dziviriro yepamusoro kubva mukukuvadzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, yakakodzera kutakurwa kure uye mamiriro akaoma ekuchengetedza.
Kurongedza Kwakakosha Kwekudzivirira
Dziviriro yengura: Kuti igare kwenguva refu kana kutakurwa munzvimbo dzine hunyoro, mushonga wekudzivirira ngura unodiwa.
Dziviriro pakukanganisika: Kune nhengo dzakatetepa uye dzakatetepa, zvinotsigira zvematanda kana zvesimbi zvinofanira kuiswa kudzivirira kukotama nekukanganisika kunokonzerwa nemitoro isina kuenzana.
Kutakura:Express (Kutumira Muenzaniso), Ndege, Njanji, Nyika, Chitima, Kutumirwa muGungwa (FCL kana LCL kana Bulk)
Kana zvigadzirwa zvesimbi zvasvika, timu yedu yehunyanzvi ichakupa rutsigiro rwakazara mukati menguva yese yekuisa. Tinobatsira kugadzirisa zvirongwa zvekuisa panzvimbo, kupa nhungamiro yehunyanzvi yemaitiro akakosha, uye kushanda pamwe chete nechikwata chekuvaka kuti tive nechokwadi chekuisa zvakanaka uye nemazvo, kuitira kuti chivako chako chigare chakachengeteka uye chishande zvakanaka.
Kuti titsigire mushure mekutengesa, tinopa mazano ekugadzirisa akagadzirwa zvichienderana nehunhu hwechigadzirwa, uye tinopindura mibvunzo yese nezvekuchengetedzwa kwezvinhu uye kugara kwenguva refu kwechivakwa. Kana paine matambudziko akaitika panguva yekushandisa, timu yedu mushure mekutengesa ichapindura nekukurumidza uye kugadzirisa matambudziko nerutsigiro rwehunyanzvi.
Mubvunzo: Vagadziri veUA here?
A: Ehe, isu tiri vagadziri vemachubhu esimbi anotenderera ari muguta reTianjin, China.
Q: Ndingawana odha yekuedza matani akati wandei chete here?
A: Ehe. Tinogona kutumira zvinhu zvako neLCL service. (Mutoro wemidziyo mishoma)
Q: Kana sampuro isina muripo?
A: Hapana sampuro, asi mutengi ndiye anobhadhara mutoro.
Mubvunzo: Uri mutengesi wegoridhe here uye unoita vimbiso yekutengesa?
A: Isu tine makore gumi nematatu tichitengesa goridhe uye tinogamuchira vimbiso yekutengeserana.
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