Zvivako zvesimbianoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yekuvaka nekuda kwezvakanaka zvawo, zvakaita sekusimba kwakanyanya, kuvaka nekukurumidza, uye kuramba kudengenyeka kwenyika kwakanaka. Mhando dzakasiyana dzezvivakwa zvesimbi dzakakodzera mamiriro akasiyana ekuvaka, uye saizi yezvinhu zvekutanga zvinosiyanawo. Kusarudza chimiro chesimbi chakakodzera kwakakosha pamhando yekuvaka uye mashandiro. Zvinotevera zvinotsanangura mhando dzezvivakwa zvesimbi zvakajairika, saizi yezvinhu zvekutanga, uye nzvimbo dzakakosha dzekusarudza.
Mafuremu eSimbi ePortal
Mafuremu esimbi ePortalZvivakwa zvesimbi zvakati sandara zvakagadzirwa nembiru dzesimbi nematanda. Dhizaini yazvo yese iri nyore, ine kugoverwa kwemitoro kwakanyatsotsanangurwa, ichipa mashandiro akanaka uye anoshanda. Chivakwa ichi chinopa nzira yakajeka yekufambisa mutoro, ichitakura mitoro yakatwasuka neyakatwasuka. Zvakare zviri nyore kuvaka nekuisa, nenguva pfupi yekuvaka.
Panyaya yekushandisa, mafuremu esimbi epa portal anonyanya kukodzera zvivakwa zvine denga diki, zvakaita semafekitori ane denga diki, mawarehouse, uye maworkshop. Zvivako izvi zvinowanzoda hurefu hwakati asi kwete kureba kwakakwirira. Mafuremu esimbi epa portal anonyatsoenderana nezvinodiwa izvi, zvichipa nzvimbo yakakwana yekugadzira nekuchengetera zvinhu.
Furemu yeSimbi
A furemu yesimbichimiro chefuremu yesimbi ine nzvimbo yakasanganiswa nembiru dzesimbi nematanda. Kusiyana nechimiro chakati sandara chefuremu yeportal, furemu yesimbi inoumba sisitimu yenzvimbo ine mativi matatu, ichipa kugadzikana kukuru uye kuramba kwakasimba pamativi. Inogona kuvakwa kuita zvivakwa zvine nhurikidzwa dzakawanda kana zvivakwa zvirefu zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvekuvaka, zvichichinjika kune zvinodiwa zvehurefu hwakasiyana uye kureba.
Nekuda kwekushanda kwayo kwakanaka kwazvo, mafuremu esimbi akakodzera zvivakwa zvine nzvimbo dzakakura kana kuti dzakakwirira, zvakaita sezvivako zvemahofisi, nzvimbo dzezvitoro, mahotera, nenzvimbo dzemisangano. Muzvivakwa izvi, mafuremu esimbi haangogumiri pazvinodiwa zvemarongerwo enzvimbo huru chete asiwo anorerutsira kuiswa kwemidziyo uye kufambisa mapaipi mukati mechivako.
Truss yeSimbi
Chigadziko chesimbi chimiro chenzvimbo chakaumbwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana (zvakaita sesimbi yekona, simbi yechiteshi, uye matanda eI) akarongwa nenzira chaiyo (semuenzaniso, mativi matatu, trapezoidal, kana polygonal). Nhengo dzayo dzinonyanya kutakura axial tension kana compression, zvichipa mutoro wakaenzana, zvichishandisa zvizere simba rechinhu chacho uye simbi inochengetedza.
Matura esimbi ane hurefu hwakasimba uye akakodzera zvivakwa zvinoda nzvimbo dzakakura, dzakadai senhandare, nzvimbo dzekuratidzira, uye nzvimbo dzendege. Munhandare, matura esimbi anogona kugadzira denga rakakura, zvichizadzisa zvinodiwa munzvimbo dzemaauditorium nenzvimbo dzemakwikwi. Munzvimbo dzekuratidzira uye nzvimbo dzendege, matura esimbi anopa rutsigiro rwakavimbika rwechivakwa chenzvimbo dzakakura dzekuratidzira uye nzira dzekufamba netsoka.
Gridhi reSimbi
Gridhi resimbi chimiro chenzvimbo chinoumbwa nenhengo dzakawanda dzakabatana nemanode mune imwe gridhi pattern (senge matriangles akajairwa, masikweya, uye mahexagon akajairwa). Chinopa zvakanakira zvakaita semasimba mashoma enzvimbo, kuramba kwakanaka kwekudengenyeka kwenyika, kuomarara kwakanyanya, uye kugadzikana kwakasimba. Rudzi rwayo rwenhengo imwe chete runobatsira kugadzirwa kwefekitori uye kuiswa panzvimbo.
Magridhi esimbi anonyanya kukodzera zvivakwa zvedenga kana madziro, zvakaita semakamuri ekumirira, madenga, uye matenga makuru efekitori. Mumakamuri ekumirira, matenga egridhi esimbi anogona kufukidza nzvimbo dzakakura, zvichipa nzvimbo yekumirira yakasununguka kune vafambi. Mumadenga, zvivakwa zvegridhi resimbi zvakareruka uye zvinoyevedza, ukuwo zvichikwanisa kutsungirira mitoro yechisikigo senge mhepo nemvura.
- Mafuremu eSimbi ePortal
Makoramu esimbi nematanda emafuremu epasuo anowanzo gadzirwa nesimbi yakaita seH. Saizi yemakoramu aya esimbi inotariswa nezvinhu zvakaita sehurefu, kureba, uye mutoro wechivako. Kazhinji, kumafekitori ane denga rakadzika kana matura ane hurefu hwemamita 12-24 uye hurefu hwemamita 4-6, makoramu esimbi akaita seH anowanzo tangira paH300×150×6.5×9 kusvika paH500×200×7×11; matanda anowanzo tangira paH350×175×7×11 kusvika paH600×200×8×12. Mune zvimwe zviitiko kana paine mitoro yakaderera, simbi yakaita seI kana simbi yechiteshi inogona kushandiswa sezvikamu zvekuwedzera. Simbi yakaita seI inowanzo tangira paI14 kusvika paI28, nepo simbi yechiteshi inowanzo tangira pa[12 kusvika pa[20].
- Mafuremu eSimbi
Mafuremu esimbi anonyanya kushandisa simbi ine chikamu cheH pamatanda nematanda avo. Nekuti anofanira kutsungirira mitoro yakakura yakatwasuka uye yakatwasuka, uye nekuti anoda kureba kukuru uye kureba kwechivako, zviyero zvepasi zvawo zvinowanzova zvakakura kupfuura zvemafuremu epasuo. Kune zvivako zvemahofisi zvine nhurikidzwa dzakawanda kana nzvimbo dzekutenga (nhurikidzwa 3-6, hurefu 8-15m), zviyero zvesimbi ine chikamu cheH zvinowanzo shandiswa pamatanda zvinotangira paH400×200×8×13 kusvika paH800×300×10×16; zviyero zvesimbi ine chikamu cheH zvinowanzo shandiswa pamatanda zvinotangira paH450×200×9×14 kusvika paH700×300×10×16. Muzvivakwa zvesimbi zvine furemu refu (zvinopfuura nhurikidzwa 6), makoramu anogona kushandisa simbi ine chikamu cheH yakasungirirwa kana simbi ine chikamu chebhokisi. Zviyero zvesimbi ine chikamu chebhokisi zvinowanzo tangira pa400×400×12×12 kusvika pa800×800×20×20 kuti zvivandudze kuramba kwechivako uye kugadzikana kwacho kwese.
- Matare eSimbi
Zvinhu zvakajairika zvesimbi truss zvinosanganisira angle steel, channel steel, I-beams, uye steel pombi. Angle steel inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu steel trusses nekuda kwemhando dzakasiyana dze cross-sectional uye nyore kubatanidza. Common sizes dzinotangira pa ∠50×5 kusvika ∠125×10. Kune nhengo dzine mutoro wakawanda, channel steel kana I-beams zvinoshandiswa. Channel steel saizi dzinotangira pa [14 kusvika pa [30, uye I-beam saizi dzinotangira pa I16 kusvika pa I40.) Mu long-span steel trusses (span dzinopfuura 30m), steel pombi dzinowanzo shandiswa senhengo kuderedza structural deadweight uye kuvandudza kudengenyeka kwenyika. Dhayamita yemapombi esimbi inowanzo tangira pa Φ89×4 kusvika Φ219×8, uye chinhu chacho chinowanzova Q345B kana Q235B.
- Gridhi reSimbi
Nhengo dzegrid resimbi dzinonyanya kugadzirwa nemapombi esimbi, anowanzogadzirwa neQ235B neQ345B. Saizi yepombi inoenderana nehupamhi hwegrid, saizi yegrid, uye mamiriro ekutakura. Kune zvivakwa zvegrid zvine hupamhi hwe15-30m (senge nzvimbo dzekumirira diki nepakati uye macanopies), dhayamita yepombi yesimbi yakajairika iΦ48×3.5 kusvika Φ114×4.5. Kune hupamhi hunopfuura 30m (senge matenga makuru enhandare uye matenga echiteshi chendege), dhayamita yepombi yesimbi inowedzera zvinoenderana, kazhinji kusvika Φ114×4.5 kusvika Φ168×6. Majoini egrid anowanzo sungirirwa kana kusungirirwa majoini ebhora. Dhayamita yejoini yebhora ine mabhaudhi inotarwa nehuwandu hwenhengo uye kugona kwekutakura, kazhinji kubva Φ100 kusvika Φ300.
Tsanangura Zvinodiwa pakuvaka uye Maitiro ekushandisa
Usati watenga chivakwa chesimbi, unofanira kutanga watsanangura chinangwa chechivakwa, kureba, kureba, huwandu hwepasi, uye mamiriro ekunze (senge simba rekudengenyeka kwenyika, kumanikidzwa nemhepo, uye chando). Mamiriro akasiyana ekushandiswa anoda mashandiro akasiyana nezvivakwa zvesimbi. Semuenzaniso, munzvimbo dzinodengenyeka nekudengenyeka kwenyika, grid yesimbi kana zvivakwa zvefuremu yesimbi zvine simba rekudzivirira kudengenyeka kwenyika zvinofanirwa kusarudzwa. Kune nhandare hombe, matrusses esimbi kana magrid esimbi akakodzera. Uyezve, kugona kwekutakura mutoro kwechivakwa chesimbi kunofanirwa kutsanangurwa zvichienderana nemamiriro ekutakura mutoro wechivakwa (senge mitoro yakafa nemitoro mhenyu) kuve nechokwadi chekuti chivakwa chesimbi chakasarudzwa chinosangana nezvinodiwa zvekushandiswa kwechivakwa.
Kuongorora Hunhu hweSimbi uye Mashandiro Ayo
Simbi ndiyo chinhu chikuru chesimbi, uye kunaka kwayo uye mashandiro ayo zvinokanganisa zvakananga kuchengetedzeka uye kugara kwenguva refu kwesimbi. Paunenge uchitenga simbi, sarudza zvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa nevagadziri vane mukurumbira vane vimbiso yemhando yepamusoro. Nyatsotarisa kunaka kwezvinhu zvesimbi (senge Q235B, Q345B, nezvimwewo), hunhu hwemakanika (senge simba rekugadzira, simba rekusunga, uye kureba), uye kuumbwa kwemakemikari. Kushanda kwemhando dzakasiyana dzesimbi kunosiyana zvakanyanya. Simbi yeQ345B ine simba rakawanda kupfuura Q235B uye yakakodzera zvivakwa zvinoda simba rakawanda rekutakura mutoro. Simbi yeQ235B, kune rumwe rutivi, ine purasitiki iri nani uye yakasimba uye yakakodzera zvivakwa zvine zvimwe zvinodiwa nekudengenyeka kwenyika. Pamusoro pezvo, tarisa chitarisiko chesimbi kuti udzivise zvikanganiso zvakaita sekutsemuka, kusanganisa, uye kukotama.
Royal Steel Group inonyanya kugadzira uye kugadzira zvivakwa zvesimbi.Tinopa zvivakwa zvesimbi kunyika dzakasiyana siyana nenzvimbo, kusanganisira Saudi Arabia, Canada, neGuatemala.Tinogamuchira mibvunzo kubva kune vatengi vatsva nevaripo.
Kero
Nzvimbo yeindasitiri yekuvandudza Kangsheng,
Wuqing dunhu, Tianjin guta, China.
Maawa
Muvhuro-Svondo: Basa remaawa makumi maviri nemana
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-14-2025