Mukuvaka kwemazuva ano, kutakura, maindasitiri, uye mainjiniya emagetsi,chimiro chesimbi, ine zvayakanakira zviviri muzvinhu uye muchimiro, yave chinhu chikuru chinotungamira hunyanzvi muhunyanzvi hweinjiniya. Ichishandisa simbi sechinhu chayo chikuru chinotakura mutoro, inodarika zvipingamupinyi zvezvivakwa zvechinyakare kuburikidza nekugadzira maindasitiri uye kuisa modular, ichipa mhinduro dzinoshanda kumapurojekiti akasiyana-siyana akaomarara.
Tsanangudzo uye Hunhu hweSimbi
Chimiro chesimbi chinoreva sisitimu yekuvaka inotakura mutoro inoumbwa nemapurati esimbi, zvikamu zvesimbi (Matanda eH, Nzira dzeU, simbi yekona, nezvimwewo), uye mapaipi esimbi, akasimbiswa kuburikidza nekuwedera, mabhaudhi ane simba guru, kana rivets. Chinhu chikuru ndechekushandisa simba guru uye kusimba kwesimbi kuti ikwanise kutamisa zvakaenzana mitoro yakamira (deadweight uye huremu hwemidziyo) uye mitoro yakatwasuka (mhepo nekudengenyeka kwenyika) kubva pachivako kana purojekiti kuenda kunheyo yayo, zvichiita kuti chimiro chigadzikane. Zvichienzaniswa nezvivakwa zvekongiri, mukana mukuru wezvivakwa zvesimbi uri muhunhu hwazvo hwemakanika: simba razvo rekudhonza rinogona kusvika pamusoro pe345 MPa, kanopfuura kagumi pane kongiri yakajairika; uye purasitiki yazvo yakanaka inovabvumira kuchinjika pasi pemutoro pasina kutyoka, zvichipa vimbiso yakapetwa kaviri yekuchengetedzeka kwezvivakwa. Hunhu uhwu hunovaita kuti vasatsiviwe mumamiriro ezvinhu makuru, marefu, uye anorema.
Mhando huru dzeSimbi dzekuvaka
(I) Kurongwa neMaumbirwo eChimiro
Magadzirirwo eFuremu yeGedhi: Chivako ichi, chakagadzirwa nemakoramu nematanda, chinoumba furemu yakaita seyegedhi, pamwe chete nesisitimu inotsigira. Yakakodzera mafekitori emaindasitiri, matura ekufambisa zvinhu, masupamaketi, nezvimwe zvivakwa. Nzvimbo dzakajairika dzinotangira pamamita gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi matatu, uye dzimwe dzinopfuura mamita makumi mana. Zvikamu zvinogona kugadzirwa mumafekitori, zvichibvumira kuiswa panzvimbo yacho mumazuva gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi matatu chete. Semuenzaniso, matura eJD.com eAsia No. 1 Logistics Park anonyanya kushandisa rudzi urwu rwechivakwa.
Maumbirwo eTruss: Chivako ichi chine matanda akatwasuka akabatana nemafundo kuti agadzire geometry yetriangular kana trapezoidal. Matavi acho anongoshandiswa chete nemasimba e axial, achishandisa simba resimbi zvizere. Zvivako zveTruss zvinowanzo shandiswa mudenga renhandare uye munzvimbo huru dzebhiriji. Semuenzaniso, kugadziriswa kweBeijing Workers' Stadium kwakashandisa chivako chetruss kuti chisvike kureba kwemamita zana nemakumi maviri pasina matanda.
Maumbirwo emafuremu: Sisitimu yenzvimbo yakagadzirwa nematanda nemakoramu akabatana zvakasimba inopa mapurani epasi anochinjika uye ndiyo sarudzo huru yezvivakwa zvemahofisi nemahotera marefu.
Maumbirwo egrid: Gid ine nzvimbo ine nhengo dzakawanda, kazhinji ine ma "triangle" akafanana uye "square nodes", inopa simba rakasimba uye inodzivisa kudengenyeka kwenyika zvakanyanya. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzviteshi zvendege nenzvimbo dzemisangano.
(II) Kurongwa neHunhu hweMutoro
Nhengo dzinochinjika: Dzichimiririrwa nematanda, nhengo idzi dzinotsungirira nguva dzekukotama, nekumanikidzwa kumusoro uye kumanikidzwa pasi. Dzinowanzo shandisa zvikamu zveH-sections kana zvikamu zvebhokisi zvakasungirirwa, zvakaita sematanda ecrane mumafekitori emaindasitiri, uye dzinofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa zvesimba uye zvekusaneta.
Nhengo dzakatakura zvinhu muAxial: Nhengo idzi dzinongobatwa nekumanikidzwa/kumanikidzwa kweaxial chete, senge truss tie rods uye nhengo dzegrid. Tie rods dzakagadzirirwa kusimba, nepo compression rods dzichida kugadzikana. Machubhu akatenderera kana zvikamu zvesimbi zvekona zvinowanzo shandiswa. Zvikamu zvakatakura zvinhu muEccentrically: Izvi zvinobatwa nemasimba eaxial uye nguva dzekukotama, senge frame columns. Nekuda kwekusiyana kwemutoro pamagumo edanda, symmetrical cross-sections (senge box columns) zvinodiwa kuti simba nekuchinjana zvienderane.
Mabhenefiti Akakosha eSimbi
(I) Hunhu Hwakanaka hweMichina
Simba guru uye huremu hushoma ndizvo zvakanakira zvikuru zvezvivakwa zvesimbi. Kune imwe nzvimbo yakatarwa, huremu hwesimbi hunosvika 1/3-1/5 chete kupfuura hwedanda rekongiri. Semuenzaniso, simbi ine hurefu hwemamita makumi matatu inorema anenge 50 kg/m, nepo danda rekongiri rinorema anopfuura 200 kg/m. Izvi hazvingoderedzi chete mari yenheyo (ne20%-30%) asiwo zvinoderedza mhedzisiro yekudonha kwepasi, zvichivandudza kuchengetedzeka kwechivako chekudonha kwepasi.
(II) Kushanda Nesimba Kwazvo Pakuvaka
Zvikamu zvesimbi zvinodarika 90% zvinogadzirwa mumafekitori ane mamirimita akakodzera. Kuisa panzvimbo iyi kunoda kusimudzwa nekubatanidzwa chete. Semuenzaniso, chivako chehofisi chesimbi chine nhurikidzwa gumi chinotora mwedzi 6-8 chete kubva pakugadzirwa kwezvikamu kusvika pakupera, kudzikiswa kwenguva yekuvaka ne40% zvichienzaniswa nechivako chekongiri. Semuenzaniso, chirongwa chekugara chesimbi chakagadzirwa kare muShenzhen chakawana kumhanya kwekuvaka kwe "nhurikidzwa imwe chete mazuva manomwe ega ega," zvichideredza zvakanyanya mari yekushanda panzvimbo iyi.
(III) Kuramba Kudengenyeka Kwenyika Kwakasimba uye Kugara Kwenguva refu
Kusimba kwesimbi kunoita kuti zvivakwa zvesimbi zvikwanise kubvisa simba kuburikidza nekuchinjika kwesimba panguva yekudengenyeka kwenyika. Semuenzaniso, panguva yekudengenyeka kwenyika kweWenchuan muna 2008, fekitori yezvivakwa zvesimbi muChengdu yakangochinjika zvishoma uye hapana njodzi yekudonha. Uyezve, mushure mekurapwa kwesimbi inorwisa ngura (kushongedza nekupenda), simbi inogona kushanda kwemakore makumi mashanu kusvika zana, nemari yekugadzirisa yakaderera zvikuru pane zvivakwa zvekongiri.
(IV) Kudzivirirwa Kwezvakatipoteredza uye Kugara Kwenguva Refu
Mwero wekudzokorodza simbi unodarika 90%, zvichiita kuti inyungudutswe zvakare uye igadziriswe mushure mekuputswa, zvichibvisa kusvibiswa kwemarara ekuvaka. Uyezve, kuvaka simbi hakudi mafomu kana kugadziriswa, kunoda basa shoma remvura panzvimbo yacho, uye kuderedza kuburitswa kweguruva neanopfuura 60% zvichienzaniswa nezvivakwa zvekongiri, zvichienderana nemisimboti yekuvaka yakasvibirira. Semuenzaniso, mushure mekuputswa kwenzvimbo yeIce Cube ye2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, zvimwe zvikamu zvakashandiswazve mune mamwe mapurojekiti, zvichiita kuti zviwanikwa zvidzokororwe zvakare.
Kushandiswa Kwakapararira KwemaSystem Structures
(I) Kuvaka
Zvivako zveveruzhinji: Nhandare dzemitambo, nhandare dzendege, nzvimbo dzemisangano nedzekuratidzira, nezvimwewo, zvinoshandisa zvivakwa zvesimbi kuti zviwane nzvimbo dzakakura uye magadzirirwo akakura.
Zvivako zvekugara: Dzimba dzekugara dzakagadzirwa nesimbi dziri kuramba dzichiwedzera kufarirwa uye dzinogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvedzimba dzakagadzirwa nevanhu.
Zvivako zvemabhizinesi: Zvivako zvemahofisi marefu uye nzvimbo dzezvitoro, zvinoshandisa zvivakwa zvesimbi kugadzira magadzirirwo akaomarara uye kuvaka zvinobudirira.
(II) Kutakura
Uinjiniya hwemabhiriji: Mabhiriji emugungwa nemabhiriji echitima. Mabhiriji esimbi anopa nzvimbo dzakakura uye anodzivirira mhepo ine simba uye kudengenyeka kwenyika.
Kufamba nechitima: Makona echiteshi chepasi pevhu uye matanda echitima chechiedza.
(III) Maindasitiri
Mafekitori emaindasitiri: Mafekitori emuchina mukuru uye mafekitori esimbi. Zvivakwa zvesimbi zvinogona kutsungirira mitoro yemidziyo mikuru uye zvinobatsira kugadziriswa kwemidziyo inotevera.
Nzvimbo dzekuchengetera zvinhu: Matura echando nenzvimbo dzekutakura zvinhu. Zvivakwa zvemafuremu epachiteshi zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvekuchengetera zvinhu zvakakura uye zvinokurumidza kuvakwa uye kushanda nekukurumidza.
(IV) Simba
Zvivako zvemagetsi: Zvivako zvikuru zvemagetsi ekupisa uye shongwe dzemagetsi. Zvivako zvesimbi zvakakodzera kune zvinhu zvakawanda uye nzvimbo dzakaoma dzekunze. Simba Idzva: Mashongwe emhepo ane maturunei emhepo uye masisitimu ekuisa ma voltaic ane zvivakwa zvesimbi zvakareruka kuti zvive nyore kutakurwa nekuiswa, zvichitsigira kugadzirwa kwesimba rakachena.
Tibatei kuti mudzidze zvakawanda nezvezvivakwa zvesimbi.
Boka rehumambo
Kero
Nzvimbo yeindasitiri yekuvandudza Kangsheng,
Wuqing dunhu, Tianjin guta, China.
Maawa
Muvhuro-Svondo: Basa remaawa makumi maviri nemana
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-30-2025