Nhau - Pombi yeSimbi yeOiri: Zvishandiso, Hunhu, uye Saizi Dzakafanana

Muindasitiri huru yemafuta,Oiri Mapaipi esimbi anoita basa rakakosha, achishanda senzira huru yekutakura mafuta negasi rechisikigo kubva pasi pevhu kusvika kune vashandisi vekupedzisira. Kubva pamabasa ekuchera muminda yemafuta negasi kusvika pakutakura mapaipi kure, mhando dzakasiyana dzeOiri mapaipi esimbi, nezvinhu zvavo zvakasiyana uye hunhu hwavo, zvinovimbisa kushanda kwakachengeteka uye kwakanaka kwecheni yese yeindasitiri. Chinyorwa chino chichatarisa papombi yesimbi yekabhoni, pombi yesimbi isina musono, uye pombi yesimbi yeAPI 5L (pombi yesimbi inosangana nezvinodiwa zveAPI 5L), kusanganisira mienzaniso yakajairika senge pombi yeAPI 5L X70, pombi yeAPI 5L X60, uye pombi yeAPI 5L X52, zvichipa sumo yakadzama yezvinhu, hunhu, uye saizi dzakajairika dzeOiri mapaipi esimbi.

Pipe yeAPI 5L Pombi Yakakosha Yekufambisa Simba

Kuongorora Zvinhu

1. Kabhoni Simbi Pipe

Pombi yesimbi yekabhoni ndeimwe yezvinhu zvinonyanya kushandiswa pakugadziraOiri Mapaipi esimbi. Anonyanya kugadzirwa nesimbi nekabhoni, ane manganese, silicon, sarufa, uye phosphorus shoma. Kuwanda kwekabhoni ndiko kunosarudza kusimba uye kusimba kwesimbi. Kazhinji, kuwanda kwekabhoni kunowedzera kusimba kwesimbi, asi kusimba uye kugona kuchinjika kunoderera. Muindasitiri yemafuta, mapaipi esimbi yekabhoni anopa kushanda kwakanaka kwazvo. Haangovi nesimba rakawanda rekutsungirira kumanikidzwa kwekufambisa mafuta negasi chete, asiwo ane mwero wakati wekusimba wekugadzirisa nharaunda dzakaoma dzezve geology. Uyezve, mapaipi esimbi yekabhoni anodhura zvishoma uye anopa kushanda kwepamusoro, zvichiita kuti ashandiswe zvakanyanya mumapaipi emafuta negasi.

2. Zvinhu zve API 5L Steel Pipe Series

Pipe yesimbi yeAPI 5L inogadzirwa zvichienderana nechiyero cheAPI 5L chakatangwa neAmerican Petroleum Institute (API) uye inonyanya kushandiswa pamapaipi emafuta negasi. Iyi nhevedzano yemapaipi esimbi inokamurwa kuita magiredhi akasiyana zvichienderana nesimba resimbi, senge X52, X60, uye X70. Semuenzaniso, API 5L X52 Pipe yakagadzirwa nesimbi ine simba rakaderera. Kuwedzera kune zvinhu zvekutanga zvakaita sekabhoni nesimbi, inewo zvinhu zvekubatanidza zvakaita seniobium, vanadium, uye titanium. Kuwedzerwa kwezvinhu izvi zvekubatanidza kunowedzera simba uye kusimba kwesimbi, ukuwo ichivandudzawo kuchinjika kwayo uye kuramba kwayo ngura. Zvinhu zveApi 5l X60 Pipe neApi 5l X70 Pipe zvinowedzerwa pahwaro uhwu. Nekugadzirisa chiyero chechikamu chekubatanidza uye maitiro ekurapa kupisa, simba resimbi uye mashandiro aro ese zvinowedzerwa, zvichiita kuti ikwanise kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekufambisa mafuta negasi pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya uye mamiriro ekushanda akaomarara.

3. Pipe yeSimbi Isina Musono

Pombi yesimbi isina musono inogadzirwa kuburikidza nemaitiro akadai sekuboorwa uye kutenderedzwa kwepombi. Zvinhu zvayo zvakafanana nepombi yesimbi yekabhoni yambotaurwa nezvayo uye pombi yesimbi yeApi 5l series, asi hunhu hwakasiyana hwemaitiro ayo ekugadzira hunoipa mabhenefiti akasiyana. Pombi yesimbi isina musono haina welds pamadziro ayo, zvichiita kuti ive nechimiro chakafanana uye simba rakawanda. Inogona kutsungirira kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya uye mamiriro ekunze akaomarara. Saka, inowanzoshandiswa muindasitiri yemafuta kune zvishandiso zvinoda kushanda kwepamusoro, senge mapaipi emafuta negesi ane simba rakawanda uye misoro yemvura.

Hunhu uye Hunhu

1. Simba

Simba ndiro chinhu chikuru chemapombi emafuta, zvichikanganisa kuchengetedzeka kwawo panguva yekufambisa mafuta negasi. Simba remapaipi esimbi eAPI 5l rinoratidzwa nenhamba inotevera "X." Semuenzaniso, X52 inoratidza simba remapombi esimbi re52 ksi (kilopaundi pa square inch), yakaenzana ne360 MPa muma megapascals; X60 ine simba remapombi re60 ksi (inenge 414 MPa); uye X70 ine simba remapombi re70 ksi (inenge 483 MPa). Sezvo simba remapombi richikwira, kumanikidzwa kunogona kumiriswa nepaipi kunowedzera zvinoenderana, zvichiita kuti ikodzere mapaipi emafuta negasi ane zvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvekumanikidzwa. Paipi yesimbi isina musono, nekuda kwechimiro chayo chakafanana uye kugoverwa kwakasimba kwesimba, inoshanda zviri nani kana ichitsungirira kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya.

2. Kuramba Kuora

Kutakurwa kwemafuta negasi rechisikigo kunogona kunge kune zvinhu zvinoparadza zvakaita sehydrogen sulfide necarbon dioxide, saka mapaipi emafuta anofanira kunge aine mwero wakati wekudzivirira ngura. Mapaipi esimbi yekabhoni haana simba rekudzivirira ngura, asi kudzivirira ngura kwayo kunogona kuvandudzwa zvakanyanya nekuwedzera zvinhu zvinosanganisa (zvakaita sechromium nemolybdenum muApi 5l series) uye kushandisa mishonga yekudzivirira ngura pamusoro (senge machira uye mapurasitiki). Kuburikidza nekugadzira uye kugadzirisa zvinhu zvakakodzera, Api 5l X70 Pipe, X60 Pipe, uye X52 Pipe, pakati pezvimwe, zvinochengetedza hupenyu hurefu munzvimbo dzinoparadza.

3. Kugona kusundira

Panguva yekuvaka mapaipi emafuta, mapaipi esimbi anofanira kubatanidzwa nekusanganisa, zvichiita kuti kusanganisa kuve chinhu chakakosha chemapaipi esimbi epaipi yemafuta. Mapaipi esimbi eApi 5l akatevedzana akagadzirirwa kusanganisa zvakanaka, zvichiita kuti majoini akasanganiswa ave akasimba uye akaomarara. Kusanganisa kwemhando yepamusoro kunogonawo kuwanikwa nepaipi yesimbi yekabhoni uye mapaipi esimbi asina musono uchishandisa nzira dzakakodzera dzekusanganisa.

Dzidza zvakawanda nezve mashandisirwo echivharo chemafuta, mutsauko kubva pamapombi eAPI, uye maficha

Saizi Dzakafanana

1. Dhayamita yekunze

Mapaipi esimbi epaipi yemafuta anouya mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzedhayamita dzekunze kuti asvike pazvinodiwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekufambisa. Saizi dzedhayamita dzekunze dzinojairika dzemapaipi esimbi eApi 5L anosanganisira 114.3mm (4 inches), 168.3mm (6.625 inches), 219.1mm (8.625 inches), 273.1mm (10.75 inches), 323.9mm (12.75 inches), 355.6mm (14 inches), 406.4mm (16 inches), 457.2mm (18 inches), 508mm (20 inches), 559mm (22 inches), uye 610mm (24 inches). Saizi dzedhayamita dzekunze dzemapaipi esimbi asina musono dzakafanana nedzeApi 5L series, asi saizi dzisiri dzemhando yepamusoro dzinogonawo kugadzirwa kuti dzigutse zvinodiwa nevatengi.

2. Ukobvu hwemadziro

Ukobvu hwemadziro chinhu chikuru chinokanganisa simba uye kugona kwekutakura mutoro kwemapaipi esimbi. Ukobvu hwemadziro emapaipi esimbi yepetroleum hunosiyana zvichienderana nechiyero chekumanikidzwa uye zvinodiwa pakushandiswa. Tichitora API 5L X52 pombi semuenzaniso, kune dhayamita yekunze ye114.3mm, ukobvu hwemadziro hwakajairika hunosanganisira 4.0mm, 4.5mm, uye 5.0mm. Kune dhayamita yekunze ye219.1mm, ukobvu hwemadziro hunogona kuva 6.0mm, 7.0mm, kana 8.0mm. Mapaipi eAPI 5L X60 neX70, nekuda kwesimba rawo rakakwirira, anowanzova nemadziro akakora kupfuura mapaipi eX52 ane dhayamita yekunze yakafanana kuti ave nechokwadi chekusimba kwakakwana uye kuchengetedzeka. Ukobvu hwemadziro epaipi yesimbi isina musono hunogona kudzorwa nemazvo zvichienderana nemaitiro ekugadzira uye zvinodiwa nevatengi, kubva pa2mm kusvika pamakumi emamirimita.

3. Kureba

Kureba kwakajairika kwepombi yesimbi yepeturu kunowanzova mamita matanhatu, mamita gumi nemaviri, nezvimwewo, kuti zvive nyore kutakurwa nekuvakwa. Mukushandiswa chaiko, kureba kwakagadzirwa kunogonawo kugadzirwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvepurojekiti yepombi, zvichideredza basa rekucheka nekusonerera panzvimbo uye kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwekuvaka.

Muchidimbu, zvinhu, hunhu, uye zviyero zvetsika zveOiri Mapaipi esimbi ndiwo akakosha pakugadzirwa kwawo uye kushandiswa kwawo. Mapaipi esimbi yeCarbon, Mapaipi esimbi asina musono, uye mapaipi esimbi ari muApi 5l Steel Pipenhevedzano, dzakadai seX70, X60, uye X52, imwe neimwe inoita basa rakakosha munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeOiri indasitiri nekuda kwezvakanakira zvavo zvakasiyana. Nekuvandudzwa kuri kuramba kuchiitwa kweOiri indasitiri, mashandiro uye zvinodiwa zvemhando yepamusoro zveOiri mapaipi esimbi ari kuramba achioma. Mune ramangwana, mashandiro epamusoro-soroOiri mapaipi esimbi achagadzirwa uye achashandiswa kuti agutse zvinodiwa nemamiriro ekushanda akaomarara uye kutakurwa kwemhepo kwakareba uye kwakasimba.