Mapaipi esimbi ane dhayamita hombe (anowanzoreva mapaipi esimbi ane dhayamita yekunze ≥114mm, ane ≥200mm anotsanangurwa seakakura mune dzimwe nguva, zvichienderana nezvinodiwa neindasitiri) anoshandiswa zvakanyanya munzvimbo huru dzinosanganisira "kutakura zvinhu zvikuru," "kutsigira chivakwa zvine simba," uye "mamiriro ekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya" nekuda kwekukwanisa kwawo kutakura kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, kugona kuyerera kwakanyanya, uye kuramba kwakasimba kwekukanganisa.
Simba ndiyo nzvimbo inonyanya kushandiswa pamapaipi esimbi ane dhayamita hombe. Zvinodiwa zvikuru zvinosanganisira kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, daro refu, uye kuramba ngura. Mapaipi aya anoshandiswa kutakura zvinhu zvakakosha zvakaita semafuta, gasi rechisikigo, marasha, uye magetsi.
1. Kutakurwa kweOiri neGasi: "Aorta" yemapombi ekufamba kure
Mashandisirwo: Mapaipi emafuta negasi anoshandiswa pakati pematunhu (akadai seWest-East Gas Pipeline neChina-Russia East Natural Gas Pipeline), mapaipi ekuunganidza nekutakura mukati meminda yemafuta, uye mapaipi emafuta/gasi enzvimbo dzemafuta negasi dziri kunze kwenyika.
Mhando dzeMapaipi eSimbi: Mapaipi esimbi anotenderera akafukidzwa nesimbi (LSAW) uye mapaipi esimbi anotenderera akafukidzwa nesimbi (SSAW), ane mapaipi esimbi asina musono (akadai seAPI 5L X80/X90 grades) anoshandiswa mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzine simba guru.
Zvinodiwa Zvikuru: Kutsungirira kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kwe10-15 MPa (mitsetse yehunde dzegasi rechisikigo), kudzivirira ngura yevhu (mapaipi ekunze kwegungwa), uye kudzivirira ngura yemvura yegungwa (mapaipi ekunze kwegungwa). Kureba kwepaipi imwe chete kunogona kusvika mamita 12-18 kuderedza majoini eweld uye kuderedza njodzi dzekubuda kwemvura. Mienzaniso yakajairika: China-Russia East Line Natural Gas Pipeline (paipi yakakura kwazvo yedaro refu muChina, ine zvimwe zvikamu zvinoshandisa mapaipi esimbi ane dhayamita ye1422mm), uye pombi yemafuta yeSaudi-UAE inoyambuka muganhu (mapaipi esimbi ane 1200mm uye akakura).
2. Indasitiri yeMagetsi: "Nzira yesimba" yezviteshi zvemagetsi zvinopisa/zvenyukireya
Muchikamu chemagetsi ekupisa, mapaipi aya anoshandiswa mu "mapaipi makuru mana" (mapaipi makuru emhepo, mapaipi emhepo anodzokorodza kupisa, mapaipi makuru emvura yekudya, uye mapaipi emvura anodziya ane simba guru) kutakura steam inodziya zvakanyanya uye ine simba guru (tembiricha ye300-600°C uye kumanikidzwa kwe10-30 MPa).
Muchikamu chesimba renyukireya, mapaipi esimbi emhando yepamusoro ezvitsuwa zvenyukireya (senge mapaipi anotonhodza reactor) anoda simba guru rekudzivirira mwaranzi uye simba rekudzivirira kukambaira. Mapaipi asina musono eAustenitic stainless steel (akadai seASME SA312 TP316LN) anowanzo shandiswa. Rutsigiro Rutsva rweSimba: "Mapaipi eCollector Line" (anodzivirira tambo dzemagetsi ane simba guru) pamabhesi emagetsi emhepo/mhepo, uye mapaipi ehydrogen transmission akareba (mamwe mapurojekiti ekuedza anoshandisa mapaipi esimbi anodzivirira ngura e300-800mm Φ).
Zvinodiwa mubazi remaguta zvinotarisa "kuyerera kwakanyanya kwemvura, kusagadzirisa kwakaderera, uye kuchinjika kunharaunda dzepasi pevhu/pamusoro peguta." Chinangwa chikuru ndechekuona kuti vagari vemo vanowana mvura uye vanotakura mvura uye mashandiro emasisitimu emaguta.
1. Unyanzvi hweKupa Mvura neKudhonza Mvura: Mapaipi eTrunk eKuendesa Mvura muMaguta
Mashandisirwo Ekupa Mvura: "Mapaipi emvura asina kubikwa" kubva kumvura yemumaguta (madhamu, nzizi) kuenda kumiti yemvura, uye "mapaipi emvura emumaguta" kubva kumiti yemvura kuenda kumaguta, zvinoda kutakurwa kwemvura yemupombi inoyerera zvakanyanya (semuenzaniso, mapaipi esimbi e600-2000mm Φ).
Mashandisirwo Ekubvisa Mvura: "Mapombi emvura inonaya" muguta (ekuburitsa mvura inonaya nekukurumidza inokonzerwa nemvura yakawanda) uye "mapombi emvura inonaya" (ekutakura mvura inonaya mudzimba/maindasitiri kuenda kunzvimbo dzekuchenesa tsvina). Mamwe anoshandisa mapaipi esimbi anodzivirira ngura (semuenzaniso, mapaipi esimbi akaputirwa nepurasitiki uye mapaipi esimbi akafukidzwa nesimende).
Zvakanakira: Kana tichienzanisa nemapombi ekongiri, mapaipi esimbi akareruka, haapindi pasi pemvura (achienderana nemamiriro epasi pevhu akaomarara mumaguta), uye anopa kuvharwa kwakanaka kwemajoini (kudzivirira kubuda kwetsvina uye kusvibiswa kwevhu).
2. Nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza mvura: Kutamisirwa kwemvura pakati pemabheseni uye Kudzora Mafashamo
Mashandisirwo: Mapurojekiti ekutamisa mvura pakati pemabheseni (akadai se "Yellow River Tunnel Pipeline" yeSouth-to-North Water Diversion Project yenzira yepakati), mapaipi ekudzura mvura nemapaipi ekuburitsa mvura mumadhamu/zviteshi zvemagetsi, uye mapaipi ekudzura mvura mumadhamu ekudzora mafashamo mumaguta nekuburitsa mvura.
Zvinodiwa Zvakajairika: Kutsungirira kuvhunduka kwemvura (kumhanya kwemvura kwe2-5 m/s), kutsungirira kumanikidzwa kwemvura (mamwe mapaipi emvura yakadzika anofanira kutsungirira kumanikidzwa kwemusoro kunopfuura 10 m), uye dhayamita inodarika 3000 mm (semuenzaniso, pombi yesimbi yekutsaudzira ye3200 mm panzvimbo yemagetsi emvura).
Bazi rezvemaindasitiri rine zvinodiwa zvakasiyana-siyana, chinangwa chikuru chiri pa "kuchinjika nemamiriro ezvinhu anorema uye kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekufambisa zvemakambani akasiyana," zvinosanganisira maindasitiri akadai sekugadzira simbi, makemikari, uye michina.
1. Indasitiri yeSimbi/Simbi: Kutakura Zvinhu Zvinopisa Zvikuru
Mashandisirwo: "Mapaipi egasi ekupisa kwesimbi" emakambani esimbi (anotakura gasi rinopisa zvakanyanya, 200-400°C), "mapaipi esimbi uye anotonhorera anogadzirwa nesimbi" (anotonhodza simbi zvakanyanya), uye "mapaipi ane slurry" (anotakura slurry yesimbi).
Zvinodiwa papombi dzesimbi: Kudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya (kwemapaipi egasi) uye kunodzivirira kupera (kwemaslurry ane zvidimbu zvakasimba, mapaipi esimbi anodzivirira kupera anodiwa). Dhayamita inowanzova pakati pe200 kusvika 1000 mm.
2. Indasitiri yeMakemikoro/Petrokemikari: Kutakura Midhiya Inoparadza
Mashandisirwo: Mapaipi ezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa muzvirimwa zvemakemikari (zvakadai seacid nealkali solutions, organic solvents), mapaipi ekugadzira macatalytic cracking muzvirimwa zvepetrochemical (mafuta negesi zvinopisa zvakanyanya, zvine simba guru), uye mapaipi ekubvisa matangi (mapaipi ekubvisa matangi makuru ane dhayamita hombe).
Mhando dzeMapaipi eSimbi: Mapaipi esimbi anodzivirira ngura (akadai sesimbi isingatsvi ye316L) uye mapaipi esimbi akafukidzwa nepurasitiki kana rabha (ezvinhu zvinopisa zvakanyanya) ndiwo anonyanya kushandiswa. Mamwe mapaipi ane simba guru anoshandisa mapaipi esimbi asina musono e150-500mm.
3. Michina Inorema: Rutsigiro rweMagadzirirwo uye Masisitimu eHydraulic
Mashandisirwo: Mabharero esimbi anogadzirwa ne hydraulic mumichina yekuvaka (macheri nema cranes) (mimwe michina mikuru inoshandisa mapaipi esimbi asina musono e100-300mm), mapaipi esimbi anotsigira mubhedha muzvishandiso zvikuru zvemuchina, uye mapaipi ekudzivirira machira emukati/tambo (150-300mm) muzvigadziko zvemhepo zvinoputika kunze kwenyika.
Mumapurojekiti makuru ezvivakwa zvakaita semabhiriji, matuneri, uye nhandare dzendege, mapaipi esimbi ane dhayamita hombe haangoshandi se "mapaipi ekufambisa" chete asiwo se "zvikamu zvechivakwa" zvinotakura mitoro kana kudzivirira.
1. Uinjiniya hwemabhiriji: Tube yesimbi yakazadzwa nekongiri Mabhiriji eArch/Pier Columns
Mashandisirwo: "Main arch ribs" emabhiriji e arch ane span refu (akadai seChongqing Chaotianmen Yangtze River Bridge, iyo inoshandisa 1200-1600mm Φ concrete-filled steel tube arch ribs yakazadzwa nekongiri, ichibatanidza simba rekusimba remachubhu esimbi nesimba rekumanikidza rekongiri), uye "zvishongedzo zvekudzivirira" zvemachubhu ebhiriji (zvinodzivirira machubhu kubva mukukurwa kwemvura).
Zvakanakira: Zvichienzaniswa nekongiri yakasimbiswa yechinyakare, zvivakwa zvesimbi zvakazara nekongiri zvakareruka, zviri nyore kuvaka (zvinogona kugadzirwa mumafekitori uye kubatanidzwa panzvimbo yacho), uye zvine hurefu hwakareba (kusvika mamita mazana mashanu kana kupfuura).
2. Matuneri uye Kufamba Nezvitima: Kufefetera uye Kudzivirirwa Kwetambo
Mashandisirwo eTunnel: "Mapaipi ekufema" (emhepo yakachena, dhayamita 800-1500mm) mumatunnel emugwagwa mukuru/njanji, uye "Mapaipi eMoto" (emvura inoyerera zvakanyanya kana paine moto mutunnel).
Kufamba Nechitima: "Mapaipi Ekudzivirira Tambo Pasi Pevhu" (ekudzivirira tambo dzine simba guru, dzimwe dzakagadzirwa nemapaipi esimbi ane purasitiki akareba 200-400mm) mumigwagwa yepasi pevhu/masisitimu echitima anomhanya zvakanyanya, uye "Catenary Column Casings" (makoramu esimbi anotsigira grid remagetsi).
3. Nhandare dzendege/Zviteshi: Mapombi ane Chinangwa Chakakosha
Nhandare dzendege: "Mapaipi emvura inoyerera mvura" (hukuru hwakakura 600-1200mm) enzira dzekumhanyira ndege kudzivirira kuungana kwemvura inoyerera uye kukanganisa kusimuka nekumhara, uye "Mapaipi Makuru emvura inotonhorera inodziya" (emvura inotonhorera inoyerera zvakanyanya kuti idzore tembiricha) muzvivakwa zvekupedzisira.
Zviteshi: "Mapaipi Ekutakura Oiri" (anobatanidza matangi emafuta nematangi ekuchengetera zvinhu, anotakura mafuta asina kucheneswa/zvigadzirwa zvemafuta akacheneswa, dhayamita 300-800mm) pazviteshi zvezvikepe, uye "Mapaipi Ekutakura Zvinhu Zvakawanda" (ekutakura zvinhu zvakawanda zvakaita semarasha nematombo).
Indasitiri yeMauto: "Mapombi ekutonhodza mvura yegungwa" engarava yehondo (kudzivirira ngura yemvura yegungwa), tangi "mitsetse yemvura" (mapombi ane dhayamita hombe ane simba guru), uye "mapaipi esimbi anotsigira zvombo."
Kuongorora Matunhu: "Mabhokisi" ematsime emvura yakadzika (anodzivirira madziro etsime uye anodzivirira kuputsika, mamwe anoshandisa mapaipi esimbi asina musono eΦ300-500mm), "mapaipi ematsime akatsetseka" (ekutumira mvura inopwanyika ine pressure yakakwira).
Kudiridza Kwekurima: "Mapaipi ekudiridza e"trunk irrigation" makuru anochengetedza mvura mumapurazi (akadai semapombi ekudiridza edrip/sprinkler munzvimbo yakaoma yekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero, ane dhayamita yeΦ200-600mm).
Boka rehumambo
Kero
Nzvimbo yeindasitiri yekuvandudza Kangsheng,
Wuqing dunhu, Tianjin guta, China.
Maawa
Muvhuro-Svondo: Basa remaawa makumi maviri nemana
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-19-2025